diff --git a/src/previewAnnotations.ts b/src/previewAnnotations.ts
index 675dd4d..413c0d4 100644
--- a/src/previewAnnotations.ts
+++ b/src/previewAnnotations.ts
@@ -155,50 +155,64 @@ export function annotateSource(src: string, inputs: AnnotationInputs): string {
   return injectAllSentinels(text, marks);
 }
 
+/** One `buildMermaidQueue` entry: a changed mermaid fence's own body (for
+ * matching, `mermaidFenceBody` normalization — no trailing newline) paired
+ * with its `diffMermaid`-augmented replacement source. `consumed` is reset by
+ * the `render` wrapper (see `cowritingMarkdownItPlugin`) so the SAME entries
+ * can back a re-render without a fresh parse. */
+interface MermaidQueueEntry {
+  readonly curBody: string;
+  readonly source: string;
+  consumed: boolean;
+}
+
 /**
- * Per-render queue of mermaid-fence overrides, one entry per ```mermaid fence
- * the CURRENT (landed) text contains, in document order — the same order
- * `options.highlight` encounters them while markdown-it renders fence tokens
- * (Task 7 §2.6 parity: reuses `diffBlocks`' baseline/current block pairing,
- * the SAME pairing `renderReview`/`renderOp` used in the sunset webview, so a
- * changed mermaid fence is re-emitted through `diffMermaid` exactly as it was
- * there — INV-23 fences stay atomic, INV-29..31 styling directives). An entry
- * is the augmented source string when the fence is a `changed` atomic mermaid
- * op with a diffable before/current pair, else `null` (unchanged/added fence,
- * or a fallback pair `diffMermaid` couldn't diff — render the fence verbatim).
- * `[]` when there is no baseline to diff against, annotations are disabled, or
- * the landed text equals the baseline (covers the #48 pinned-zero-diff case
- * too, since `diffBlocks` on identical text yields no `changed` ops).
+ * Per-render queue of mermaid-fence overrides: one entry per `changed` atomic
+ * mermaid op (Task 7 §2.6 parity: reuses `diffBlocks`' baseline/current block
+ * pairing, the SAME pairing `renderReview`/`renderOp` used in the sunset
+ * webview, so a changed mermaid fence is re-emitted through `diffMermaid`
+ * exactly as it was there — INV-23 fences stay atomic, INV-29..31 styling
+ * directives) that has a diffable before/current pair AND a successful
+ * `diffMermaid` augmentation. `[]` when there is no baseline to diff against,
+ * annotations are disabled, or the landed text equals the baseline (covers
+ * the #48 pinned-zero-diff case too, since `diffBlocks` on identical text
+ * yields no `changed` ops).
  *
  * Diffed against `landedText` (proposals reverted), matching the "committed
  * change since baseline" boundary `annotateSource`'s own `wordEditHunks(src,
  * baselineText)` gate already draws (a pending, not-yet-accepted proposal
  * isn't a landed change) — a fence a pending proposal's anchor overlaps is
- * left unaugmented, same as the rest of that gate. This assumes fence COUNT
- * and ORDER match between `src` (what markdown-it actually parses fences
- * from) and `landedText` (what this function diffs) — true whenever no
- * pending proposal adds/removes a whole mermaid block; a rare edge case
- * accepted as a known scope boundary (mirrors the built-in preview's other
- * documented Q4/scope notes), not something the built-in preview's
- * proposal-block accounting handles elsewhere either.
+ * left unaugmented, same as the rest of that gate.
+ *
+ * NOT positional: `src` (what markdown-it actually parses fences from) and
+ * `landedText` (what this function diffs) can disagree on mermaid-fence COUNT
+ * or ORDER — e.g. a pending proposal optimistically applied in `src` (F12,
+ * INV-48) inserts a whole new mermaid fence that `landedText` (proposals
+ * reverted) doesn't have, or `annotateSource`'s committed-deletion reinsert
+ * splices an extra fence into the rendered source. `options.highlight`
+ * (`cowritingMarkdownItPlugin`) matches each queue entry to a fence by BODY,
+ * not by position — a fence with no matching entry renders verbatim (the
+ * queue is a bag of `changed` fences to find, not a strict per-fence
+ * override list), so misalignment degrades to verbatim exactly as intended,
+ * never substitutes the wrong diagram's augmentation into the wrong fence.
  *
  * Pure, vscode-free (INV-6).
  */
-function buildMermaidQueue(src: string, inputs: AnnotationInputs): (string | null)[] {
+function buildMermaidQueue(src: string, inputs: AnnotationInputs): MermaidQueueEntry[] {
   if (!inputs.enabled || inputs.baselineText === undefined) return [];
   const baselineText = inputs.baselineText;
   const landedText = landedTextOf(src, inputs.proposals ?? []);
   if (landedText === baselineText) return [];
-  return diffBlocks(baselineText, landedText)
-    .filter((op) => op.kind !== "removed" && op.block.type === "mermaid")
-    .map((op) => {
-      if (op.kind !== "changed") return null; // unchanged/added: render verbatim
-      const curBody = mermaidFenceBody(op.block.raw);
-      const beforeBody = op.before.type === "mermaid" ? mermaidFenceBody(op.before.raw) : null;
-      if (curBody === null || beforeBody === null) return null;
-      const result = diffMermaid(beforeBody, curBody);
-      return result.kind === "augmented" ? result.source : null; // INV-30 fallback: verbatim
-    });
+  const entries: MermaidQueueEntry[] = [];
+  for (const op of diffBlocks(baselineText, landedText)) {
+    if (op.kind !== "changed" || op.block.type !== "mermaid") continue; // unchanged/added/removed: no override needed
+    const curBody = mermaidFenceBody(op.block.raw);
+    const beforeBody = op.before.type === "mermaid" ? mermaidFenceBody(op.before.raw) : null;
+    if (curBody === null || beforeBody === null) continue;
+    const result = diffMermaid(beforeBody, curBody);
+    if (result.kind === "augmented") entries.push({ curBody, source: result.source, consumed: false }); // INV-30 fallback: verbatim
+  }
+  return entries;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -217,36 +231,48 @@ function buildMermaidQueue(src: string, inputs: AnnotationInputs): (string | nul
  * diagram diff (INV-29..31), not just the current diagram. `options.highlight`
  * has no `env`/`state` parameter of its own, so the per-render queue is
  * threaded through a closure variable set by the core rule (which DOES see
- * `state.env`) and consumed in fence-encounter order by `highlight` —
- * markdown-it's `parse` (core rules) always completes before `renderer.render`
- * invokes `highlight`, and a single md instance never renders concurrently, so
- * this is safe.
+ * `state.env`) and consumed BY BODY MATCH, not fence position (see
+ * `buildMermaidQueue`), by `highlight`: each fence's `code` is matched against
+ * unconsumed queue entries in order, the first match is consumed (so a later
+ * fence with the same body still finds its own entry), and a fence with no
+ * match renders verbatim WITHOUT consuming anything (so a later fence can
+ * still match). markdown-it's `parse` (core rules) always completes before
+ * `renderer.render` invokes `highlight`, and a single md instance never
+ * renders concurrently, so the closure handoff itself is safe — but VS Code
+ * may call `md.parse()` and `md.renderer.render()` separately and re-render
+ * cached tokens without a fresh parse (the same caller pattern the module
+ * docstring notes for scroll-sync), which would otherwise replay a queue whose
+ * entries were already marked consumed by the prior render; the `render`
+ * wrapper resets every entry's `consumed` flag so each render pass starts with
+ * the full queue available again.
  */
 export function cowritingMarkdownItPlugin(
   md: MarkdownIt,
   host: { inputsFor(env: unknown): AnnotationInputs | undefined },
 ): MarkdownIt {
-  let mermaidQueue: (string | null)[] = [];
-  let mermaidIdx = 0;
+  let mermaidQueue: MermaidQueueEntry[] = [];
 
   md.core.ruler.before("normalize", "cowriting-annotate", (state) => {
     const inputs = host.inputsFor(state.env);
     mermaidQueue = inputs ? buildMermaidQueue(state.src, inputs) : [];
-    mermaidIdx = 0;
     if (!inputs) return;
     state.src = annotateSource(state.src, inputs);
   });
 
   const baseRender = md.renderer.render.bind(md.renderer);
-  md.renderer.render = (tokens, options, env) => sentinelsToSpans(baseRender(tokens, options, env), "ins");
+  md.renderer.render = (tokens, options, env) => {
+    for (const entry of mermaidQueue) entry.consumed = false; // re-render-without-reparse safety net
+    return sentinelsToSpans(baseRender(tokens, options, env), "ins");
+  };
 
   const baseHighlight = md.options.highlight;
   md.options.highlight = (code, lang, attrs) => {
     if (lang?.trim().toLowerCase() === "mermaid") {
-      const override = mermaidIdx < mermaidQueue.length ? mermaidQueue[mermaidIdx] : null;
-      mermaidIdx++;
-      const legend = override !== null ? MERMAID_LEGEND : "";
-      return `<pre class="mermaid" style="all: unset;">${escapeMermaidSource(override ?? code)}</pre>${legend}`;
+      const normalized = code.replace(/\n+$/, ""); // token.content keeps a trailing LF; mermaidFenceBody doesn't
+      const entry = mermaidQueue.find((e) => !e.consumed && e.curBody === normalized);
+      if (entry) entry.consumed = true;
+      const legend = entry ? MERMAID_LEGEND : "";
+      return `<pre class="mermaid" style="all: unset;">${escapeMermaidSource(entry?.source ?? code)}</pre>${legend}`;
     }
     return baseHighlight?.(code, lang, attrs) ?? md.utils.escapeHtml(code);
   };
diff --git a/test/previewAnnotations.test.ts b/test/previewAnnotations.test.ts
index ee71f95..7863dd1 100644
--- a/test/previewAnnotations.test.ts
+++ b/test/previewAnnotations.test.ts
@@ -131,4 +131,49 @@ describe("intra-diagram mermaid diff in the built-in preview (plan T7 §2.6, INV
     expect(html).not.toContain("cw-mermaid-legend");
     expect(html).toContain('class="language-js"');
   });
+
+  // Code-review hardening (705de31 follow-up): the queue used to be consumed
+  // POSITIONALLY per mermaid fence encountered, so a fence the queue doesn't
+  // know about (e.g. a pending proposal's optimistic apply, F12/INV-48,
+  // inserting a whole new mermaid fence ABOVE a changed one) shifted every
+  // later fence's override by one, substituting the wrong diagram's augmented
+  // source into the wrong fence instead of the documented verbatim fallback.
+  // The fix matches queue entries to fences by BODY: a fence with no matching
+  // entry renders verbatim without consuming anything, so a later matching
+  // fence still finds its own entry.
+  it("misalignment: an extra proposal-inserted mermaid fence above a changed one renders verbatim, and the changed fence still gets its own augmentation", () => {
+    const extraFence = "```mermaid\nsequenceDiagram\n  A->>B: hi\n```\n";
+    const src = extraFence + "\n" + flowchartAfter;
+    const html = render(src, {
+      ...base,
+      baselineText: flowchartBefore,
+      spans: [],
+      proposals: [{ id: "p1", anchorStart: 0, anchorEnd: extraFence.length, replaced: "", replacement: extraFence }],
+    });
+    const fences = html.split('<pre class="mermaid"').slice(1); // one chunk per fence, document order
+    expect(fences).toHaveLength(2);
+    // the extra fence has no matching queue entry: verbatim, no wrong-diagram substitution
+    expect(fences[0]).toContain("sequenceDiagram");
+    expect(fences[0]).not.toContain("cwAdded");
+    // the changed fence still finds its own augmentation despite the extra fence ahead of it in document order
+    expect(fences[1]).toContain("classDef cwAdded");
+    expect(fences[1]).toMatch(/class\s+c\s+cwAdded/);
+    expect((html.match(/cw-mermaid-legend/g) ?? []).length).toBe(1); // legend only on the augmented fence
+  });
+
+  // Body-match must not collapse two changed fences that happen to render the
+  // SAME current diagram into a single queue entry — each occurrence gets its
+  // own independent augmentation (consume-first-match, not a body->entry map).
+  it("two identical-body changed mermaid fences each get their own augmentation", () => {
+    const baselineText = flowchartBefore + "\n" + flowchartBefore;
+    const src = flowchartAfter + "\n" + flowchartAfter;
+    const html = render(src, { ...base, baselineText, spans: [] });
+    const fences = html.split('<pre class="mermaid"').slice(1);
+    expect(fences).toHaveLength(2);
+    for (const f of fences) {
+      expect(f).toContain("classDef cwAdded");
+      expect(f).toMatch(/class\s+c\s+cwAdded/);
+    }
+    expect((html.match(/cw-mermaid-legend/g) ?? []).length).toBe(2);
+  });
 });